Around the City
Warm-up
Picture yourself in the center of Lviv, standing at the majestic Opera Theatre. A Ukrainian friend asks you: «Як дістатися до центрального парку?» (How do I get to the central park?). Can you answer?
Today you'll master the language of navigation — giving directions, describing locations, and moving confidently through Ukrainian cities. From asking «Де метро?» (Where is the metro?) to understanding «Прямо, потім наліво» (Straight, then left), you'll unlock the vocabulary that turns every street into an adventure.
💡 Did You Know?
Lviv's historic center is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The city's narrow вулиці (streets) and hidden провулки (alleys) make it a navigator's dream — and a perfect place to practice your directional Ukrainian! Meanwhile, Kyiv boasts one of the deepest metro systems in the world — some stations are 100+ meters underground, built during Soviet times as dual-purpose bomb shelters.
Presentation
The Ukrainian City: Structure and Vocabulary
Ukrainian cities blend historic architecture with Soviet-era planning and modern development. Understanding the urban vocabulary helps you navigate both the physical space and the cultural landscape.
Urban Infrastructure:
When Ukrainians give directions, they reference key urban features:
- вулиця /ˈvulɪt͡sʲɑ/ — street (main roads with names)
- провулок /prɔˈvulɔk/ — lane, alley (smaller connecting streets)
- площа /ˈplɔʃt͡ʃɑ/ — square (public gathering spaces)
- проспект /prɔˈspɛkt/ — avenue (wide, major thoroughfares)
- бульвар /bulʲˈvɑr/ — boulevard (often tree-lined)
- набережна /ˈnɑbɛrɛʒnɑ/ — embankment (riverside promenades)
Navigation Reference Points:
- міст (mist) — bridge
- перехрестя (perekhrestya) — intersection, crossroads
- світлофор (svitlofor) — traffic light
- зупинка (zupynka) — (bus/tram) stop
- станція (stantsiya) — station (metro/train)
- вхід / вихід (vkhid / vykhid) — entrance / exit
🌍 Real World: Kyiv Metro Color System
Kyiv's metro has three lines, each with a distinct color:
- Червона лінія (Red Line) — M1, north-south
- Синя лінія (Blue Line) — M2, east-west
- Зелена лінія (Green Line) — M3, loop
Locals never say «Line 1» — they say червона (red), синя (blue), or зелена (green). Master this, and you'll navigate Kyiv like a native!
Giving Directions: The Four Commands
Ukrainians use simple directional adverbs when guiding others:
| Direction | Ukrainian | IPA | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Straight | прямо | /ˈprʲɑmɔ/ | Keep going forward |
| Left | наліво | /nɑˈlivɔ/ | Turn/go to the left |
| Right | направо | /nɑˈprɑvɔ/ | Turn/go to the right |
| Back | назад | /nɑˈzɑd/ | Return, go back |
Mini-Dialogue: At the Train Station
— Вибачте, де туалет?
— Прямо, потім наліво.
— Дякую!
(Excuse me, where is the bathroom? — Straight, then left. — Thank you!)
Common Direction Phrases:
- Іди/Ідіть прямо — Go straight (informal/formal)
- Поверніть наліво — Turn left (formal)
- Біля світлофора направо — Right at the traffic light
- На перехресті — At the intersection
- Після моста — After the bridge
Міні-діалог: На вулиці
— Вибачте, де аптека?
— Прямо, потім наліво біля парку.
— Це далеко?
— Ні, близько. Три хвилини пішки.
— Дякую!
— Будь ласка.
(Excuse me, where is the pharmacy? — Straight, then left near the park. — Is it far? — No, close. Three minutes on foot. — Thank you! — You're welcome.)
⚡ Pro Tip: Preposition Power
Notice how Ukrainians layer directions with prepositions:
- До (to) — direction toward: до станції (to the station)
- Від (from) — direction away: від центру (from the center)
- Через (through/across) — через міст (across the bridge)
- Вздовж (along) — вздовж вулиці (along the street)
These combine with locative or accusative cases depending on motion vs. location.
Distance and Proximity
When asking «Це далеко?» (Is it far?), you'll hear responses using these key words:
- далеко — far
- близько — close, near
- поруч — nearby, next to
- навпроти — opposite, across from
Prepositions of Location:
- за — behind
- перед — in front of
- між — between
- біля — near, by
Example:
— Де аптека?
— Навпроти банку, біля світлофора.
(Where is the pharmacy? — Opposite the bank, near the traffic light.)
🎬 Pop Culture Moment: S.T.A.L.K.E.R. and Chornobyl
The legendary Ukrainian game S.T.A.L.K.E.R. (made by GSC Game World in Kyiv) is set in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone. Players navigate using landmarks like міст (bridge), станція (station), and покинуті будівлі (abandoned buildings). The game's realistic Ukrainian geography taught millions of gamers worldwide Ukrainian navigation vocabulary — even if they didn't realize it!
Transportation Methods
How you get there matters. Ukrainians use several transportation phrases to describe travel:
- пішки — on foot, walking
- на автобусі — by bus (on the bus)
- на трамваї — by tram (on the tram)
- метро — by metro (indeclinable noun, used alone: «їду метро»)
- на таксі — by taxi (in a taxi) Example: Я їду на таксі. (I go by taxi.)
- на машині — by car (in a car)
- на велосипеді — by bicycle (on a bicycle)
Note: These are memorized transportation phrases using locative case for vehicles (на + Loc), which you learned in M13.
Mini-Dialogue: How Do You Get to Work?
— Як ти дістаєшся на роботу?
— Я їду на трамваї, а потім пішки.
— Це далеко?
— Ні, близько. Десять хвилин.
(How do you get to work? — I go by tram, then on foot. — Is it far? — No, close. Ten minutes.)
Practice
Scenario 1: Lost Tourist in Lviv
You're a tourist standing at Rynok Square (Площа Ринок) in Lviv. You need to find the Post Office (Пошта).
Ukrainian passerby: Вибачте, шукаєте щось? You: Так! Де пошта? Passerby: Прямо по вулиці Дорошенка, потім наліво на перехресті. Вона навпроти парку. You: Це далеко? Passerby: Ні, близько. П'ять хвилин пішки. You: Дуже дякую!
Translation: Passerby: Excuse me, are you looking for something? You: Yes! Where is the post office? Passerby: Straight along Doroshenko Street, then left at the intersection. It's opposite the park. You: Is it far? Passerby: No, close. Five minutes on foot. You: Thank you very much!
Scenario 2: Asking for the Metro
Ти зараз у столиці України. Ти хочеш дістатися до Майдану Незалежності.
Ти: Вибачте, де станція метро? Киянин: Там, прямо за тим будинком. Вхід біля книгарні. Ти: А як дістатися до Майдану Незалежності? Киянин: Синя лінія, дві зупинки. Вийдете на станції «Майдан Незалежності.» Ти: Дякую! Киянин: Нема за що! Гарного дня!
Translation: You're in Kyiv and want to get to Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square). You: Excuse me, where is the metro station? Local: There, straight behind that building. The entrance is near the bookstore. You: And how do I get to Maidan Nezalezhnosti? Local: Blue line, two stops. You'll get off at «Maidan Nezalezhnosti» station. You: Thank you! Local: You're welcome! Have a nice day!
🎯 Fun Fact: Metro Announcers
Kyiv metro announcements use gendered voices to help navigate:
- Female voice = train heading toward the center
- Male voice = train heading away from the center
This auditory cue helps locals and tourists alike — even when the station names blur together!
Scenario 3: Choosing Transportation
Твій український друг питає, як ти подорожуєш містом.
Друг: Як ти дістаєшся до університету? Ти: Зазвичай на автобусі, але іноді пішки. Друг: А на велосипеді? Ти: Ні, у мене немає велосипеда. Але я хочу купити! Друг: Добре! Велосипедом дуже зручно. Я щодня їжджу на велосипеді до роботи. Ти: Це далеко? Друг: Ні, близько. Десять хвилин.
Translation: Your Ukrainian friend asks how you prefer to travel around the city. Friend: How do you get to the university? You: Usually by bus, but sometimes on foot. Friend: And by bicycle? You: No, I don't have a bicycle. But I want to buy one! Friend: Good! By bicycle is very convenient. I ride my bike to work every day. You: Is it far? Friend: No, close. Ten minutes.
Production
Task 1: Give Directions (Speaking)
Imagine you're standing at the Central Railway Station (Центральний вокзал) in your city. A tourist asks you how to get to:
- The central park (центральний парк)
- The nearest pharmacy (аптека)
- The opera theatre (оперний театр)
Use these phrases:
- Прямо...
- Наліво/направо...
- Біля/навпроти...
- Це близько/далеко...
Model Answer:
1. Центральний парк: Ідіть прямо по проспекту, потім на перехресті поверніть наліво. Парк буде навпроти музею. Це п'ять хвилин пішки.
2. Аптека: Біля вокзалу є аптека. Прямо, потім направо. Вона поруч, біля банку.
3. Оперний театр: Їдьте на трамваї до центру. Вийдете на зупинці «Площа Театральна.» Театр буде там, прямо.
Task 2: Describe Your Commute (Writing)
Write 4-5 sentences describing how you get to work or school. Use transportation vocabulary and directional phrases.
Model Answer:
Я живу в квартирі на вулиці Шевченка. Щоранку я йду пішки до зупинки. Потім їду на автобусі до центру. Університет біля парку, навпроти кафе. Це близько — двадцять хвилин.
(I live in an apartment on Shevchenko Street. Every morning I walk to the bus stop. Then I go by bus to the center. The university is near the park, opposite a café. It's close — twenty minutes.)
🔍 Myth Buster
Myth: «All Ukrainian cities have metro systems.» Fact: Only three Ukrainian cities have metro systems: Kyiv (oldest and largest, opened 1960), Kharkiv (opened 1975), and Dnipro (opened 1995). Other cities rely on trams, trolleybuses, and marshrutky (minibuses). Don't assume «метро» is universal when traveling!
Cultural Insight
Маршрутки: транспорт для всіх
Крім офіційного транспорту (автобус, трамвай, метро), в кожному українському місті є маршрутки — невеликі мінівени. Вони їздять за фіксованими маршрутами. Вони зупиняються на вимогу пасажирів. Вони працюють швидше за великі автобуси.
Beyond official public transport, every Ukrainian city runs маршрутки (marshrutky) — minibuses that follow fixed routes but stop on demand. These Soviet-era relics are faster, more flexible, and often chaotic.
Як працюють маршрутки:
- Ти хочеш вийти? Крикни «На зупинці!» (At the stop!)
- Передавай гроші водію через інших пасажирів.
- Особистий простір не існує — готуйся до тісноти!
How marshrutky work:
- Shout «На зупинці!» when you want to get off.
- Pass money forward to the driver through other passengers.
- Squeeze into impossibly small spaces — personal space doesn't exist here.
Маршрутки — це культурний досвід. Туристи їх уникають. Українці обожнюють маршрутки. Це популярний транспорт.
🎭 Folklore/Traditions Corner: Lviv's Coffee Culture
Lviv isn't just a navigation challenge — it's Ukraine's coffee capital. Legend says the first coffeehouse in Eastern Europe opened in Lviv in 1574! When navigating Lviv's winding streets, locals use кав'ярні (coffeehouses) as landmarks:
«Де музей?» «Біля кав'ярні 'Львівська копальня кави,' потім направо.»
Coffee isn't just a drink — it's a navigational beacon.
📋 Підсумок
You now have the vocabulary to:
- Give and follow directions using прямо, наліво, направо, назад
- Describe locations with prepositions (біля, навпроти, за, перед)
- Ask key questions: «Де...?», «Як дістатися до...?», «Це далеко?»
- Name urban features (вулиця, площа, міст, зупинка, станція)
- Discuss transportation using memorized phrases (на автобусі, пішки, метро)
Key Phrases to Remember:
- Де метро? — Where is the metro?
- Як дістатися до...? — How to get to...?
- Прямо, потім наліво. — Straight, then left.
- Це далеко? — Is it far?
- Біля світлофора. — Near the traffic light.
Next module: Genitive Case I — Absence and Negation (немає, without). You'll learn to say «I don't have» and «There is no...» — essential for shopping, restaurants, and everyday problem-solving!
Need More Practice?
External Review
🎯 Activities
Navigation Basics
How do you simply ask "Where is the center"?
How do you say "Go to the center"?
How do you ask accurately "Where am I"?
The bus is at the stop.
Which phrase means "Go straight"?
The station is on the left.
Which of these phrases simply means "Turn left"?
The airport is on the right.
I am at the airport.
We are in the taxi.
How do you ask "Where are you going"?
I'm going to the hotel.
City Vocabulary
Complete the Directions
Transportation Phrases
City Navigation Facts
Only three Ukrainian cities have metro systems: Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Dnipro.
«Прямо» means "turn left."
In Kyiv metro, female announcers indicate trains heading toward the center.
«Провулок» is a wide avenue.
Lviv is considered Ukraine's coffee capital.
«Навпроти» means "behind."
«Пішки» means "on foot."
All Ukrainian cities use marshrutky.
«Станція» can refer to both metro and train stations.
«Близько» and «далеко» are opposites.
S.T.A.L.K.E.R. is a Ukrainian game set in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone.
«Метро» declines like other Ukrainian nouns.
Directional vs. Locational
Where? (Locational)
Where to? (Directional)
Types of Urban Spaces
Functional (Services)
Leisure (Fun)
Directional Sentence Order
Identify the correct order: "Go straight, then turn left."
Identify the correct order: "Where is the metro station?"
Identify the correct order: "The pharmacy is opposite..."
Identify the correct order: "How to get to..."
Identify the correct order: "I go to work..."
Identify the correct order: "The stop is near..."
Identify the correct order: "Go along Shevchenko Street."
Identify the correct order: "It's very far."
Identify the correct order: "Turn right at the intersection."
Identify the correct order: "I walk to the university."
Identify the correct order: "The museum is between..."
Identify the correct order: "No, it's close."
Question and Answer Pairs
Transportation Facts
«Пішки» means "on foot."
You say «автобус» to mean "by bus."
«Метро» is used alone without a preposition.
«На машині» means "by bicycle."
You use locative case (на + Loc) for most vehicles.
«Трамвай» and «трамваї» are the same form.
«На таксі» is the correct way to say "by taxi."
You can say «їду в автобусі» to mean "I go by bus."
Kyiv has the deepest metro system in the world.
«Маршрутка» is a type of minivan taxi.
You must pay the driver directly in a marshrutka.
«Станція» only refers to metro.
Transportation Phrases Order
Identify the correct order: "I go by bus..."
Identify the correct order: "She gets to work..."
Identify the correct order: "We go by metro..."
Identify the correct order: "He rides a bicycle..."
Identify the correct order: "They arrived by car."
Identify the correct order: "I walk to the university."
Identify the correct order: "He's going home by taxi."
Identify the correct order: "Where is the bus stop?"
Identify the correct order: "The metro station is..."
Identify the correct order: "Usually I go by tram."
Identify the correct order: "Turn right at the..."
Identify the correct order: "At the intersection go left."
📚 Vocabulary
| Word | IPA | English | POS | Gender | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| будівля | /budˈiʋlja/ | building | noun | ж | |
| бульвар | /bulʲʋˈar/ | boulevard | noun | ч | |
| велосипед | /ʋɛlɔsɪpˈɛd/ | bicycle | noun | ч | |
| вихід | /ʋˈɪxid/ | exit, output, solution | noun | ч | |
| дорошенко | /dɔrɔʃˈɛnkɔ/ | Doroshenko (name) | noun | ч | |
| діставатися | /distaʋˈatɪsja/ | to reach, to get to | verb | ||
| зелений | /zɛlˈɛna/ | green | noun | ж | |
| киянин | /kɪˈjanɪn/ | Kyivan (male inhabitant) | noun | ч | |
| копальня | /kɔpˈalʲnja/ | mine | noun | ж | |
| крикнути | /krˈɪknutɪ/ | to shout (perfective) | verb | ||
| лінія | /lˈinija/ | line | noun | ж | |
| майдан | /majdˈan/ | square, Maidan | noun | ч | |
| маршрут | /marʃrˈut/ | route | noun | ||
| маршрутка | /marʃrˈutka/ | marshrutka (minibus) | noun | ж | |
| міні-діалог | /mˈini-dialɔɦ/ | mini-dialogue | noun | ч | |
| мінівен | /miniʋˈɛn/ | minivan | noun | ||
| міст | /mist/ | bridge | noun | ч | |
| набережний | /nˈabɛrɛʒnɪj/ | embankment (adj), waterfront | adj | ||
| навпроти | /naʋprˈɔtɪ/ | opposite | adv | ||
| наліво | /nalˈiʋɔ/ | to the left | adv | ||
| направа | /naprˈaʋa/ | direction, side | noun | ж | |
| невеликий | /nɛʋɛlˈɪkɪj/ | small, not large | adj | ||
| незалежність | /nɛzalˈɛʒnistʲ/ | independence | noun | ж | |
| нема | /nɛmˈa/ | there is no, absent | noun | ж | |
| обожнювати | /ɔbˈɔʒnjuʋatɪ/ | to adore | verb | ||
| особистий | /ɔsɔbˈɪstɪj/ | personal | adj | ||
| перехрестя | /pɛrɛxrˈɛstja/ | crossroads, intersection | noun | с | |
| популярний | /pɔpulˈjarnɪj/ | popular | adj | ||
| поруч | /pˈɔrut͡ʃ/ | beside, nearby | adv | ||
| провулок | /prɔʋˈulɔk/ | lane, alley | noun | ||
| проспект | /prɔspˈɛkt/ | avenue, prospect | noun | ч | |
| простір | /prˈɔstir/ | space | noun | ч | |
| прямо | /prˈjamɔ/ | straight, directly | adv | ||
| світлофор | /sʋitlɔfˈɔr/ | traffic light | noun | ч | |
| синій | /sˈɪnij/ | blue | adj | ||
| столиця | /stɔlˈɪt͡sja/ | capital (city) | noun | ж | |
| театральний | /tɛatrˈalʲnɪj/ | theatrical | adj | ||
| турист | /turˈɪst/ | tourist | noun | ||
| тіснота | /tisnˈɔta/ | tightness, crowdedness | noun | ж | |
| фіксований | /fiksˈɔʋanɪj/ | fixed, static | adj | ||
| центральне | /t͡sɛntrˈalʲnɛ/ | central | noun | с | |
| центральний | /t͡sɛntrˈalʲnɪj/ | central | adj | ||
| червона | /t͡ʃɛrʋˈɔna/ | red (female) | noun | ж | |
| щоранку | /ʃt͡ʃɔrˈanku/ | every morning | adv |