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RUTH: Ruthenian Language Track

📜 Руська мова / Проста мова

The language of Cossack chronicles, legal codes, and religious polemics

What is this track?

The RUTH (Ruthenian) track explores Middle Ukrainian from the 14th to 18th centuries — the linguistic bridge between Old East Slavic and modern Ukrainian. This was the era of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Cossack Hetmanate.

Why study Ruthenian?

A language of power and identity

Ruthenian was an official language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and remained vital for legal, religious, and literary purposes. Understanding this period reveals how Ukrainian maintained its distinct identity despite political pressures.

  • Read Cossack chronicles: Access the Samovydets Chronicle, Velychko Chronicle in the original
  • Understand legal heritage: Study the Lithuanian Statutes written in Ruthenian
  • Explore religious debates: Read polemical literature defending Orthodoxy
  • Bridge the linguistic gap: Connect Old East Slavic to modern Ukrainian

Prerequisites

RequirementDescription
B2+ LevelStrong intermediate Ukrainian proficiency
Recommended: OES TrackUnderstanding of Old East Slavic foundations
Historical interestCuriosity about the Cossack era and religious history

Track Structure

Phase 1: Foundations

  • Introduction to Ruthenian / Prosta Mova
  • Phonological changes from OES
  • Polish and Latin influences on vocabulary

Phase 2: Document Literacy

  • Lithuanian Statutes
  • Hetmanate chancellery documents
  • Cossack correspondence

Phase 3: Literary Texts

  • Religious polemics (Ivan Vyshensky, Meletiy Smotrytsky)
  • Cossack chronicles
  • Early secular poetry

Phase 4: Transition to Modern Ukrainian

  • Kotlyarevsky and the literary revival
  • Regional variation in the 18th century
  • Emergence of modern standard

Unique Activity Types

This track features specialized activities for historical document analysis:

ActivityPurpose
Document AnalysisStudy administrative and legal texts
Paleography AnalysisRead original manuscript hands
Translation CritiqueEvaluate historical translations
Dialect ComparisonCompare regional varieties
Etymology TraceTrack vocabulary changes
Register AnalysisDistinguish formal vs. vernacular styles

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